ダビンチが発明した楽器「ビオラ・オルガニスタ」
2013年11月21日 18:12 発信地:クラクフ/ポーランド 【11月21日 AFP】
ポーランドのコンサートピアニスト、Slawomir Zubrzycki氏はこのほど、15世紀後半にレオナルド・ダビンチ（Leonardo da Vinci）が残したスケッチに基づき、約3年をかけて自ら制作した楽器「ビオラ・オルガニスタ（Viola Organista）」を公開した。
これに先駆け、先月18日にはクラクフ（Krakow）でこの楽器の演奏を披露していた。
(c)AFP
Da Vinci's 'Viola Organista' comes to life in Poland
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xS9c76V4RDE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xS9c76V4RDE
ripley.za.net/tag/heads
Leonardo da Vinci’s viola organista has a keyboard and four spinning wheels that make strings vibrate.
Apparently, Leonardo da Vinci loved to rock.
An unusual musical instrument that combines keyboard and cellos has seen the light of day some 500 years after the Renaissance superman conceived it.
Leonardo’s viola organista has come to life through the passion of Polish pianist Slawomir Zubrzycki, who has played a lavishly designed version of it in concert.
Zubrzycki produced the mechanically bowed keyboard, which resembles a bowed clavier, based on a sketch and notes in Leonardo’s Codex Atlanticus, a collection of manuscripts covering miscellaneous subjects that is dated 1478 to 1519.
There’s no evidence to suggest Leonardo ever built his viola organista, but Zubrzycki’s version of it, which took more than three years to realize, has been turning heads.
However, several versions have been attempted since Leonardo’s day, including a few “geigenwerk” keyboards by Japanese harpsichord maker Akio Obuchi.
“This instrument has the characteristics of three we know: the harpsichord, the organ, and the viola da gamba,” Zubrzycki was quoted as saying by AFP when he debuted the viola organista at the Academy of Music in Krakow, Poland.
Viola organista made by Sławomir Zubrzycki
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sv3py3Ap8_Y
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sv3py3Ap8_Y
Wiki情報
The viola organista was an experimental musical instrument invented by Leonardo da Vinci. It was the first bowed keyboard instrument (of which any record has survived) ever to be devised.
Leonardo's original idea, as preserved in his notebooks of 1488–1489 and in the drawings in the Codex Atlanticus, was to use one or more wheels, continuously rotating, each of which pulled a looping bow, rather like a fanbelt in an automobile engine, and perpendicular to the instrument's strings. The strings would be pushed downward into the bow by the action of the keys, causing the moving bow to sound the pitch of the string. In one design, the strings were fretted with tangents, so that there were more keys than strings (several notes, for example C and C#, would all be played on one string). In another design, each note had its own string.
Apparently, Leonardo did not build his instrument. The first similar instrument actually to be constructed was the Geigenwerk of 1575 by Hans Haiden, a German instrument inventor.
Leonardo's design is similar to that of the earlier hurdy gurdy, which also uses a rotating wheel to play strings. It differs in that a hurdy gurdy has a small number of strings that are constantly in contact with the wheel, rather than a larger number of strings that can be lowered onto the wheel. A hurdy gurdy has a keybox with tangents that change the pitches of the strings, rather like placing fingers on violin strings. Leonardo's innovation of a keyboard with a lowering mechanism allowed individual notes to be played, alone or in specific desired chords over a large range of pitches.
Akio Obuchi built several instruments as early as 1993. In 2004, a modern reconstruction of the viola organista by Akio Obuchi was used in a concert in Genoa, Italy .
In 2013, Sławomir Zubrzycki constructed and performed on his own viola organista.