アクリジンは扱い難い蛍光色素で若い頃の研究で手につけてしまい大変でした。
シャルガフ則はとても重要なルールなのですがノーベル賞はもらえませんでした。もらったワトソン、クリックよりシャルガフの方が偉いのですが。
Chargaff’s Rulesを絵で書くと次のようになります。相補的な２つの核酸塩基ＧＣ比、ＡＴ比がほぼ１ということです。
Guanine/Cytosine = Adenine/Thymine = 1
（library.thinkquest.org/C0118084/History/Chargaff）
数値的には少しずれがあります。
Chargaff’s Rules
（paulingblog.wordpress.com/tag/crellin-pauling/）
“We have created a mechanism that makes it practically impossible for a real genius to appear. In my own field the biochemist Fritz Lipmann or the much-maligned Linus Pauling were very talented people.
But generally, geniuses everywhere seem to have died out by 1914. Today, most are mediocrities 凡人 blown up by the winds of the time.”
-Erwin Chargaff, 1985.
Erwin Chargaff, (1905-2002)
DNA has two main structural components – a backbone made up of sugar and phosphate groups, and a series of bases found in the middle of the molecule.
There are four different bases found in DNA: Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T). These four bases can be divided into two categories, pyrimidines and purines.
The pyrimidine bases, Cytosine and Thymine, contain only one ring, while the purine bases, Guanine and Adenine, contain two rings.
In the DNA structure, the bases pair complementarily, meaning that a purine base will bind with a pyrimidine base.
More specifically, Adenine binds with Thymine and Cytosine binds with Guanine.
Although this information is now considered fundamental biology, it wasn’t fully understood until after Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA in 1953.
However, Chargaff’s research in the late 1940s had suggested that the four bases paired in the manner described above.
When Chargaff first decided to devote his laboratory to nucleic acids, he allowed a postdoctoral student named Ernst Vischer to choose his research program from a list of suggested topics.
Vischer decided to analyze the purines and pyrimidines in nucleic acids, and went to work developing the chromatographic technique so crucial to isolating the bases.
Although his technique was rather crude, it did the trick and Vischer achieved great success.
The results of the base analysis showed that the amounts of Adenine and Thymine were about equal, and also that the amounts of Guanine and Cytosine were about equal.
Eventually, Chargaff came to the conclusion that in a single molecule of DNA, Guanine/Cytosine = Adenine/Thymine = 1. This concept would later become known as Chargaff’s Rules.
Chargaff’s Rules were officially announced in a lecture delivered in June of 1949 and were first published in May of 1950.
However, Linus Pauling had heard about the ratios much earlier – straight from Chargaff in late 1947, while traveling to England for his six-month stay as a professor at Oxford University.
Pauling, who considered the trip by ship across the Atlantic Ocean with his family to be a vacation, did not pay attention to what Chargaff told him.
さてＡ－Ｔ 塩基Ｐａｉｒに特異的に蛍光を発するものに6-amino-acridineがあるという報告です。こんな簡単な分子がなぜとお思いでしょう。