The Glaser coupling reaction of ethynyl-substituted carbazole-based isophlorins provided butadiyne-bridged dimers, which were transformed into the thiophene-bridged dimers via the annulation reaction.
Oxidation of these isophlorin dimers afforded carbazole-based diporphyrins. Notable electronic interactions in the diporphyrins have been confirmed by means of UV/vis–near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.