コチニン代謝だけではなくニコチンのN原子にGluを付加させて代謝する経路もあるらしい。生体内動態は中々興味深いものである。
受動喫煙で子の虫歯２倍
７万人超のデータ解析
2015年10月22日 10時09分 京都新聞
家族の吸うたばこの煙にさらされた子どもは、家族に喫煙者がいない子どもに比べて、３歳までに虫歯になる可能性が２倍になったとの研究結果を、京都大の川上浩司教授と田中司朗准教授らのチームが２２日、英医学誌ＢＭＪに発表した。
チームは、神戸市で２００４～１０年に生まれた７万６９２０人のデータを解析。
その結果、家族に喫煙者がいる子は全体の５５・３％おり、家族に喫煙者がいない子に比べて虫歯になる可能性が１・４６倍になった。特に、面前で吸われる環境にあった子では２・１４倍に高まったという。
子供の受動喫煙と虫歯の関係～パパのたばこで子供が虫歯に！？
たばこの健康に及ぼす影響は多く知られています。また、たばこを吸う本人だけでなく、近くにたばこを吸う人がいると、吸わない人にも害が及ぶことも知られています。
それは、”副流煙”といって、たばこの外に出てくる煙にも有害物質が含まれているためで、その煙を吸ってしまうことを”受動喫煙”といいます。受動喫煙にも健康に及ぼす弊害が多いことはよく知られています。
動喫煙によって子供の虫歯が増える
www002.upp.so-net.ne.jp/andouiin/smokingandcaries
（Journal of American Medical Association 2003年3月12日号、vol 289, p1258-1264）
1988年から1994年にかけて行われた調査で、4歳から11歳の小児3531人を対象に検討しています。
受動喫煙の程度は血中コチニン濃度で確認しています。タバコに含まれるニコチンは体内でコチニンとして蓄積します。
本人が吸わなくても、受動喫煙により体内のコチニンが増えてしまい、健康被害をもたらします。
コチニンの血中濃度0.2～10 ng/mlを受動喫煙の影響ありと定義しています。この調査の結果、対象となった小児の25％に 未治療の虫歯、33%に治療された虫歯が見つかりました。
また、血中コチニン濃度の調査から対象者の53％は受動喫煙ありと判断されました。コチニン濃度、つまり、受動喫煙の程度と虫歯の発生率とには明らかな相関関係がありました。
つまり、喫煙は、喫煙者自身の健康だけでなく、子供の歯の健康にも影響を及ぼすということです。
academichelp.net/samples/academics/essays/expository/nicotine-dangerous
There are numerous well-trodden ways for modern citizens to be distracted from their stress by external measures.
A drug, in a general sense, is a substance with certain chemical properties that has the ability to disrupt the functions of an individual’s body. It can be used for treatment, diagnosis or for recreational activities. Some kinds of drugs can also affect the nervous system of a person’s body and prove to be quite dangerous; the most hazardous are those which are listed under the category of psychoactive drugs. These are substances with chemical properties that affect or modify brain functions and result in changed behavior, frame of mind, and deviations in thought processes. One of such psychoactive drugs is the well-known and legal nicotine.
People can take in nicotine from many natural sources, mostly in doses which are not malignant for human health. However, consuming nicotine through cigarettes, cigars, or by smoking pipes is quite different. Doctor Richard Lawrence observed that numerous harmful effects of nicotine were consumed by farmers through tobacco leaves (Lawrence, 2002). Nicotine can be found in many food products, and in small amounts it does not cause harm; however, despite being legal, nicotine is extremely addictive, and leads to strong psychological and physical addiction (Shaw, 2001). Research on popular addictive drugs also place nicotine at the top of the most dangerous drugs list. Nicotine is on the same alignment with the harmful effects caused by cocaine, morphine or alcohol (Michaelshouse.com). The most common symptoms attributed to nicotine’s abuse are anxiety, sleeping disorders, a lack of concentration, irritability and severe headaches. Pure nicotine is extremely poisonous, and may even cause death.
One positive factor is that nicotine addiction can be effectively treated. There are many means used in replacement therapy to treat this addiction. Among the most popular ways are nicotine-containing chewing gum, inhalers, nasal sprays, and skin patches. It is extremely important for nicotine addicts who want to achieve long-lasting soberness to join treatment programs, otherwise the ailment may return and will cause even more harm to patients.
Among many drugs that are present on the market today, nicotine may be called the most dangerous one to human beings. Due to the fact that nicotine is legal: cigarettes and other products which contain nicotine can be easily purchased at almost every public market.
References
F. Shaw, B. (2001). Addiction and Recovery For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons.
Lawrence Miller, R. (2002). The Encyclopedia of Addictive Drugs. United States of America: Greenwood Publishing Group, pp. 18-19.
Michaelshouse.com (2011). A Surprising Look at the Most Addictive Drugs in the World | Michael’s House. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.michaelshouse.com/drug-addiction/most-addictive-drugs-world/ [Accessed: 15 Feb 2013].
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There are numerous well-trodden ways for modern citizens to be distracted from their stress by external measures.
Alcohol, chemical drugs, cigarettes, marijuana, the Internet, TV shows, video games, and many other legal and illegal forms of diversion can alleviate stress – if not only temporarily.
Many of these occupations cause heavy addiction, though. The strongest instances of addiction occur when individuals intake illegal drugs.
Almost all of them are dangerous for a human’s physical and psychological health. Back in the 1990’s, cocaine was treated as the most dangerous drug, but recent studies reveal a surprising fact that nicotine can be considered the most addictive drug of the 21st century (Lawrence, 2002).
A drug, in a general sense, is a substance with certain chemical properties that has the ability to disrupt the functions of an individual’s body. It can be used for treatment, diagnosis or for recreational activities. Some kinds of drugs can also affect the nervous system of a person’s body and prove to be quite dangerous; the most hazardous are those which are listed under the category of psychoactive drugs. These are substances with chemical properties that affect or modify brain functions and result in changed behavior, frame of mind, and deviations in thought processes. One of such psychoactive drugs is the well-known and legal nicotine.
People can take in nicotine from many natural sources, mostly in doses which are not malignant for human health. However, consuming nicotine through cigarettes, cigars, or by smoking pipes is quite different. Doctor Richard Lawrence observed that numerous harmful effects of nicotine were consumed by farmers through tobacco leaves (Lawrence, 2002). Nicotine can be found in many food products, and in small amounts it does not cause harm; however, despite being legal, nicotine is extremely addictive, and leads to strong psychological and physical addiction (Shaw, 2001). Research on popular addictive drugs also place nicotine at the top of the most dangerous drugs list. Nicotine is on the same alignment with the harmful effects caused by cocaine, morphine or alcohol (Michaelshouse.com). The most common symptoms attributed to nicotine’s abuse are anxiety, sleeping disorders, a lack of concentration, irritability and severe headaches. Pure nicotine is extremely poisonous, and may even cause death.
One positive factor is that nicotine addiction can be effectively treated. There are many means used in replacement therapy to treat this addiction. Among the most popular ways are nicotine-containing chewing gum, inhalers, nasal sprays, and skin patches. It is extremely important for nicotine addicts who want to achieve long-lasting soberness to join treatment programs, otherwise the ailment may return and will cause even more harm to patients.
Among many drugs that are present on the market today, nicotine may be called the most dangerous one to human beings. Due to the fact that nicotine is legal: cigarettes and other products which contain nicotine can be easily purchased at almost every public market.
Nicotine as a psychoactive drug forms a strong addictiveness, and has such negative effects on its user as anxiety, sleeping disorders, a lack of concentration, irritability and severe headaches. Nowadays, one of the most effective ways to treat addiction to nicotine is replacement therapy, when a patient consumes products with low levels of nicotine in them, such as special chewing gums, nasal sprays, inhalators, or skin patches.
References
F. Shaw, B. (2001). Addiction and Recovery For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons.
Lawrence Miller, R. (2002). The Encyclopedia of Addictive Drugs. United States of America: Greenwood Publishing Group, pp. 18-19.
Michaelshouse.com (2011). A Surprising Look at the Most Addictive Drugs in the World | Michael’s House. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.michaelshouse.com/drug-addiction/most-addictive-drugs-world/ [Accessed: 15 Feb 2013].