Image may be NSFW. Clik here to view.独自技術の「ナノ洗浄」により洗浄成分が素早く油汚れに吸着、ナノレベルで油をやわらかく変化させて分解し、食器を洗っている間ベタつきを感じることなく手早く洗い上げることができるという。「泡」に変わる「ナノ洗浄」をMagicaに導入。
Image may be NSFW. Clik here to view.京都大は２７日、研究費など約４３０万円を飲食代など私的な遊興費に流用したとして、大学院情報学研究科の宗像豊哲元教授（６８）＝２０１０年に定年退職＝を懲戒解雇相当として名誉教授の称号を取り消し、同研究科の五十嵐顕人准教授（６２）を停職６カ月の懲戒処分にした。
Date:January 22, 2015 sciencedaily.com
Source:University of Twente
Summary: Spherical gold particles are able to ‘drill’ a nano-diameter tunnel in ceramic material when heated.
This is an easy and attractive way to equip chips with nanopores for DNA analysis, for example, nanotechnologists report.
Spherical gold particles are able to 'drill' a nano-diameter tunnel in ceramic material when heated.
This is an easy and attractive way to equip chips with nanopores for DNA analysis, for example. Nanotechnologists of the University of Twente published their results in Nano Letters.
図１ Nanopore formed by gold nanoparticle
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Researcher Lennart de Vreede applied a large number of microscopic discs of gold on a surface of silicon dioxide.
When heated up for several hours, the gold is moving into the material, perpendicular to the surface, like nanometer-sized spheres.
Nine hours of heating gives a tunnel of 800 nanometers in length, for example, and a diameter of 25 nanometer: these results can normally only be acieved by using complex processes.
The gold can even fully move through the material. All nanotunnels together then form a sieve. Leaving the tunnel closed at one end, leaves open the possibility of creating molds for nano structures.
Once heating to close to their melting point, the gold discs -- diameter one micron -, don't spread out over the surface, but they form spheres. They push away the siliciumdioxide, causing a circular 'ridge', a tiny dam. While moving into the silicondioxide, the ball gets smaller: it evaporates and there is a continuos movement of silicondioxide.
For example in DNA-sequencing applications, De Vreede sees applications for this new fabrication technology. In that case, a DNA-string is pulled through one of these nano-channels, after which the building blocks of DNA, the nucleotides, can be analysed subsequently. Furthermore, De Vreede expects the 'gold method' to be applicable to other ceramic materials as well. His recent experiments on silicium nitride indicate that.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by University of Twente. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.Lennart J. de Vreede, Albert van den Berg, Jan C. T. Eijkel. Nanopore Fabrication by Heating Au Particles on Ceramic Substrates. Nano Letters, 2015; 15 (1): 727 DOI: 10.1021/nl5042676
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Process of forming pores using gold nanoparticles phys.org/news/2015-01-gold-nano-drills
＜ｍ = ２２０＞｛divisors of 220｜ １、２、４、５、１０、１１、２０、２２、４４、５５，１１０｝
Sum of divisors１＋２＋４＋５＋１０＋１１＋２０＋２２＋４４＋５５＋１１０＝２８４ = n
＜n = ２８４＞｛divisorsof n｜ １、２、４、７１，１４２｝
Sum of divisors１＋２＋４＋７１＋１４２＝２２０ = mでｍ、ｎを行き来する。
フェルマーとデカルトは
In 1636, Fermat found the pair (17296, 18416) and in 1638, Descartes found (9363584, 9437056), although these results were actually rediscoveries of numbers known to Arab mathematicians.
デカルトまで研究していたのか！
Euler's Rule mathworld.wolfram.com/EulersRule
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Amicable Pair
Euler's Amicable Numbers - William Dunham youtube.com/watch?v=TEh_4LQkkHU
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A Tribute to Euler - William Dunham youtube.com/watch?v=fEWj93XjON0
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友愛数 (amicable numbers)
sites.google.com/site/yukibata6/math/amicable
Image may be NSFW. Clik here to view.友愛数は、３桁の数では上記の「２２０」「２８４」の１組しか存在しませんが、
桁数が大きくなることで無限に存在すると言われています。
フィンランドの若い研究者であるらしい。コバルト・フタロシアニン(CoPC)（on a one-atom thick layer of hexagonal boron nitride on an iridium surface）の様々な電子状態を印加電圧を変えてSTMで観察している。
検察の可視化ではないが、波動関数も見れる時代である。
Visualizing interacting electrons in a molecule
Date: January 26, 2015 sciencedaily.com Source: Aalto University
Summary: Scientists have succeeded in directly imaging how electrons interact within a single molecule. Understanding this kind of electronic effects in organic molecules is crucial for their use in optoelectronic applications, for example in organic light-emitting diodes, organic field-effect transistors and solar cells.
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Understanding this kind of electronic effects in organic molecules is crucial for their use in optoelectronic applications, for example in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and solar cells.
In their article published in Nature Physics, the research team demonstrates measurements on the organic molecule cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC) that can be explained only by taking into consideration how electrons in the molecule interact with each other.
CoPC is a commonly used molecule in organic optoelectronic devices. Electron-electron interactions alter its conductivity, which is directly related to device performance.
The Atomic Scale Physics group at Aalto University headed by Peter Liljeroth specializes on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), which utilizes a tiny current between a sharp probe tip and a conducting sample to measure structural and electronic properties of the sample surface with atomic resolution.
In this case, they used the STM to measure the current passing through a single molecule on a surface by injecting or removing electrons at different energies.
Within the molecule, electrons 'live' on so-called orbitals, which define their energy and the shape of their quantum mechanical wavefunction. These orbitals can be measured by recording the current through the molecule as a function of the applied voltage.
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Fabian Schulz, a post-graduate researcher in Liljeroth's group, was surprised when the measurements on CoPC molecules did not fit the conventional interpretation of STM experiments on single molecules.
"We saw several additional features in the recorded current where there should have been none according to the usual interpretation of these so-called tunneling spectra,"
Schulz explains.
The experiments were performed on cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC) molecules deposited on a one-atom thick layer of hexagonal boron nitride on an iridium surface.
A colleague from Aalto University and leader of the Quantum Many-Body Physics group, Ari Harju, suggested that the key to understanding the experimental results might be a form of electron-electron interaction that usually is neglected in interpreting such experiments.
In collaboration with Ari P. Seitsonen from the University of Zurich, Ari Harju and his team calculated the electronic properties of the molecule, including quantum mechanical effects that went beyond prevailing methods.
This novel interpretation was confirmed when Liljeroth and his team were able to match the experimentally measured molecular orbitals with the predictions of the theory.
"It was very exciting to see this kind of an interplay between theory and experiment,"
Liljeroth remarks.
Ari Harju concludes:
"The proof that such theoretically predicted, exotic effects can be observed experimentally is an important step forward in understanding how current is transported across individual molecules and molecular assemblies."
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by Aalto University. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.Fabian Schulz, Mari Ijäs, Robert Drost, Sampsa K. Hämäläinen, Ari Harju, Ari P. Seitsonen, Peter Liljeroth. Many-body transitions in a single molecule visualized by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Nature Physics, 2015; DOI: 10.1038/nphys3212
Date:February 5, 2015 sciencedaily.com
Source:Springer Science+Business Media
Summary: A theoretical study shows that strong ties between light and organic matterat the nanoscale open the door to modifying these coupled systems' optical, electronic or chemical properties.
Light and matter can be so strongly linked that their characteristics become indistinguishable.
These light-matter couplings are referred to as polaritons. Their energy oscillates continuously between both systems, giving rise to attractive new physical phenomena. Now, scientists have explained why such polaritons can remain for an unusual long time at the lowest energy levels, in such a way that alters the microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of their constituting matter.
Now, scientists in France have explained why such polaritons can remain for an unusual long time at the lowest energy levels, in such a way that alters the microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of their constituting matter. These findings thus pave the way for optical, electronic and chemical applications. The work has been published in The European Physical Journal D by Antoine Canaguier-Durand from the University of Strasbourg, France, and colleagues.
The authors elected to study polaritons made of organic molecules that are strongly coupled with a small number of photons.
They examined polariton relaxation dynamics, which occur when polaritons transition from high energy to lower energy levels. To do so, the team employed a rigorous mathematical approach called "dressed atoms," which makes it possible to deduce characteristics such as transition rates from high to lower energy levels, for example.
spie.org/x16671.xmlGiorgio
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In this study, the authors explain why the lifetime of the lowest lying polariton energy state is much longer than that of the higher lying state. These new results are in agreement with experimental results. But they are counter-intuitive compared to those provided by previous theoretical approximation methods, based on the behaviour of uncoupled light and matter, which hold that these states have the same duration.
This study thus confirms that it is possible to modify the pathways of vibrational transitions of molecules between higher and lower energy levels, the chemical photoreactions rates, or even to change conductivity in organic semiconductors as already observed.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by Springer Science+Business Media. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.Antoine Canaguier-Durand, Cyriaque Genet, Astrid Lambrecht, Thomas W. Ebbesen, Serge Reynaud. Non-Markovian polariton dynamics in organic strong coupling. The European Physical Journal D, 2015; 69 (1) DOI: 10.1140/epjd/e2014-50539-x
Green MH, et al： Effect of diet and vitamin C on DNA strand breakage in freshly－isolated human white blood cells．Mutation Research 1994； 316（2）：91－102．
疑問符ばかりで御免なさい。
疑問符ばかりで御免なさい。